Institute of Marine Environment and Resources, 246 Da Nang, Hai Phong City, Vietnam

*Corresponding author: lantd@imer.ac.vn

Abstract

   This paper draws on approaches in ecology, biology and policy analysis to examine the tensions between dams and fisheries in the Lower Mekong Basin. We review the exceptional importance of Mekong fisheries in terms of total catch, economic valueThis study aims to present an overview of coastal aquaculture, particularly of shrimp farming in North Vietnam and to estimate environmental costs for coastal shrimp farming in Hai Phong City, as a case study. To achieve the study objectives, the main method employed was the economy model for environmental cost estimation. The study results show the continuous increase in area (10.5% to 31.8%) and yield (43,221.7 to 65,258.0 tons) of coastal aquaculture in all six provinces of North Vietnam. For seven years (1995-2001), the area of shrimp farming in Hai Phong City increased by 85%, while the yield increased by 348%. Estimation of environmental costs using an experimental model was developed for Hai Phong due to shrimp farming development with input contribution from over 60 farms in 2001-2003. Parameters input into the model are costs for each shrimp farm, including: Square Area (ha), Yield (kg), Shrimp price (Vietnamese dong (VND) kg^-1), Total replacement cost due to conversion of natural resources to shrimp farms (VND), Juvenile cost (VND), Food cost (VND), Culturing technical cost (VND), Fuel cost (VND), Chemical cost (VND), Medical cost (VND), Energy cost (VND), Disease prevention cost (VND), Water control cost (VND), Labour cost (VND). The developed model shows that the environmental cost will increase by 0.39% for every one unit of shrimp yield increased. Applying economic models (experimental models) to estimation of environmental costs of coastal shrimp farming and aquaculture generally allows promotion of some quantitative inputs to planning for sustainable aquaculture in North Vietnam. and their role in rural livelihoods. The ecological conditions necessary to sustain the fish production are also analysed. The paper then considers the implications of dam development in the Mekong Basin, drawing on recent research to review predicted changes in hydrology and the resulting impacts on fishery resources. We then consider why, given the importance of fisheries, these potential impacts are not being addressed in regional policy processes.